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al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 1 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product transition mode pfc led controller description the al6562 is a current mode power factor correction controller and is designed for operating in transition mode. with a superior linear performance multip lier, it ensures the device operates over a wide input voltage range with superior thd (total harmonics distortion). the output voltage is controlled by means of an error amplifier and a precise (1% @ t j = + 25c) internal voltage reference. the al6562 is designed to meet stringent energy saving standards with low start - up current , and can operate with very low cur rent consumption when entering stand - by mode. ovp circuitry increases system robustness allowing the device to withstand transient caused at start - up and during load - disconnects. pin assignments (top view) ( so - 8 / m package) features ? single stage fly - b ack pfc c ontroller ? transition mode operation ? low s tart - u p , operating and q uiescent c urrent s ? internal start - up t imer ? enable/disable f unction on inv i nput ? totem pole, push - pull output drive ? adjustable o utput o ver - v oltage p rotection ? so - 8 : available in green molding compound (no br, sb) ? totally lead - free & fully rohs compliant (notes 1 & 2) ? halogen and antimony free. green device (note 3 ) applications ? electronic single - stage led driver ? pfc p re - r egulators to m eet iec61000 - 3 - 2 ? high - end ac - dc a daptor / c harger note s: 1 . no purposely added lead. fully eu directive 2002/95/ec (rohs) & 2011/65/eu (rohs 2) compliant. 2. see http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about diodes incorporateds definitions of hal ogen - and antimony - free, "green" and lead - f ree . 3. halogen - and antimony - free "green products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total br + cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds. typical applications circuit f ig ure 1 high power factor non - i solated constant - current led d river so - 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ( top view ) comp cs mult gd inv vcc gnd zcd al 656 2
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 2 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product pin description s pin no. pin name brief description 1 inv inverting input pin of the internal error amplifier this pin is connected externally via a resistor divider from the regulated output voltage. it can provide input to inverting input of internal error amplifier. this pin can also be used as enable/disable control input 2 comp output from error amplifier a feedback compensation network , consisting of resistor & capacitor, connects between inv (pin1) and this pin to reduce the bandwidth and achieve stability of the voltage control loop and ensure high power factor and low thd 3 mult input to the internal multiplier this pin connects to the rectified mains voltage, through external resistor divider, to provide a sinusoidal voltage reference for the control current loop 4 cs current sense connecting to external resistor for current feedback the current flowing in the mosfet is sensed through a resistor, the resulting voltage is applied to this pin and compared with an internal sinusoidal - shaped reference, generated by the multiplier, to determine mosfets turn - off. this pin has an internal leading - edge - blanking of about 200 nanoseconds to improve noise immunity 5 zcd zero current detection this pin takes input from inductors demagnetization sensing to achieve zero current detection , required for transition mode (tm) operation. a negative - going edge triggers turn - on of mosfet 6 gnd system ground ground for circuit, current return for both the signal circuitry and the gate drive stage 7 gd gate driver output this pin is able to drive external mosfet. the totem - pole output stage is able to drive mosfet with a peak current of 600ma/800ma for source and sink capability respectively. the high level voltage of this pin is internally clamped at about 12v to avoid excessive gate voltage in case v cc pin is supplied by a higher voltage 8 v cc system power input pin this pin is for supply voltage of both the signal part and gate driver of the ic. upper limit is extended to a maximum of 22v to provide a more headroom for supply voltage changes. this pin has an internal 25v zener to protect the ic itself from over - voltage transients. functional block diagram
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 3 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product absolute maximum ratings (note 4 ) symbol description value unit v cc ic supply v oltage self limited v icc operating supply current 30 ma i gd (note 5 ) output totem pole peak current 600 (s ource)/ 800 (s ink) ma v inv ,v comp ,v mult in put/output of error amplifier, i nput of multiplier - 0.3 to 7 v i zcd (note 5 ) zero current detector max. current source: - 50 sink: 10 ma ma esd(hbm) esd (human body model) 3000 v esd(mm) esd (machine model) 200 v t j junction temperature range - 40 to 150 c t stg storage temperature range - 65 to 150 c p tot power dissipation 0.65 w r ja thermal resistance (junction C ambient) 150 c/w t lead lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec) 260 c note s: 4 . stresses greater than the 'absolute maximum ratings' specified above, may cause permanent damage to the device. these are str ess ratings only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions exceeding those indicated in this specification is not implied. device reliability may be affected by exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time. 5 . currents flowing into device pins are considered as positive and out of device pins are considered as negative .
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 4 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product electrical characteristics (over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified v cc = 12.0v , t j = - 25 c to + 125 c , c o = 1nf ) symbol parameter conditions min typ . max units supply voltage v cc ic supply voltage after turn - on 10.3 ? 22 v v cc on turn - on threshold 11.0 12.0 13.0 v v cc off turn - off threshold 8.7 9.5 10.3 v v cc - hys hysteresis 2.2 2.5 2.8 v v z zener voltage i cc = 20 ma 22 24 28 v supply current i start - up start - up current before turn - on, v cc =11v ? 40 70 a i q quiescent current after turn on ? 2.5 3.75 ma i cc operating supply current @ 70khz in ovp condition, v inv = 2.7v ? 3.5 1.4 5 2.2 ma ma i q quiescent current v zcd 150mv, v cc >v cc - off v zcd 150mv, v cc v cc - off - 80 - 120 ? a starter t start start timer period ? 75 130 300 s notes: 6. all parameters are in tracking . 7. the multiplier output is given by: current sense comparator o/p, ( ) .
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 5 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product electrical characteristics symbol parameter conditions min typ max units output over - voltage i ovp dynamic ovp triggering current ? 35 40 45 a vovp_th static ovp threshold ? 2.1 2.25 2.4 v current sense comparator i cs input bias current v cs = 0 ? ? - 1 a t leb leading edge blanking ? 100 200 300 ns td (h - l) delay to output ? 200 350 ns v cs - clamp current sense clamp v comp = upper clamp 1.6 1.7 1.8 v v cs - offset current sense offset v mult = 0 ? 30 ? mv v mult = 2.5v ? 5 ? gate driver v ol output low dropout voltage i gdsink = 200 ma ? 0.9 1.9 v v oh output high dropout voltage i gds ource = 200 ma i gds ource = 20 ma ? 2.5 2.0 3.0 2.8 v v i gds ource - pk peak source current ? - 0.6 ? ? a i gdsink - pk peak sink current ? 0.8 ? ? a t f voltage fall time ? ? 30 70 ns t r voltage rise time ? ? 60 110 ns v oclamp output clamp voltage i s ource = 5 ma, v cc =20 v 9 11 13 v vos uvlo saturation v cc =0 v to v ccon , i s ink = 10 ma ? ? 1.1 v .
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 6 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product performance characteristics supply current vs. supply voltage start - up & uvlo vs. t j icc consumption vs. t j vcc zener voltage vs. t j feedback reference voltage vs. t j ovp current vs. t j -50 0 50 100 150 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60 junction temperature ( o c) v ref (v) v cc =12v -50 0 50 100 150 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 voltage (v) v cc-on junction temperature ( o c) v cc-off -50 0 50 100 150 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 v cc-clamp (v) junction temperature ( o c) -50 0 50 100 150 0.03125 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 v cc =12v c o =1nf f=70khz quiescent disabled or during ovp junction temperature ( o c) i cc (ma) before start-up 0 5 10 15 20 25 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 c o =1nf f=70khz t j =25 o c supply current (ma) supply voltage (v) -50 0 50 100 150 39.0 39.5 40.0 40.5 41.0 41.5 42.0 42.5 43.0 junction temperature ( o c) i ovp ( ? a) v cc =12v
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 7 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product performance characteristics (continued) delay - to - output vs. t j e/a output clamp levels vs. t j v cs - clamp vs. t j multiplied gain vs. t j zcd source capability vs. t j zcd clamp levels vs. t j -50 0 50 100 150 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 v cc =12v junction temperature ( o c) v comp (v) lower clamp upper clamp -50 0 50 100 150 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 junction temperature ( o c) multiplier gain v cc =12v v comp =4v v mult =1v -50 0 50 100 150 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 junction temperature ( o c) v cs-clamp (v) v cc =12v v comp =upper clamp -50 0 50 100 150 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 lower clamp junction temperature ( o c) v zcd (v) v cc =12v i zcd = + 2.5ma upper clamp -50 0 50 100 150 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 junction temperature ( o c) i zcd (ma) v cc =12v v zcd =lower clamp -50 0 50 100 150 0 100 200 300 400 500 junction temperature ( o c) t d(h-l) (ns) v cc =12v
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 8 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product performance characteristics (continued) start - up timer vs. t j multiplier characteristics gate - driver output low saturation gate - driver output high saturation gate - driver clamp vs. tj uvlo saturation vs. tj 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 v gd (v) i gd (ma) t j =25 o c v cc =11v sink -50 0 50 100 150 10 11 12 13 14 15 junction temperature ( o c) v gd_clamp (v) v cc =20v -50 0 50 100 150 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 junction temperature ( o c) t start ( ? s) v cc =12v 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 v gd (v) v cc -4.0 v cc -3.5 v cc -3.0 v cc -2.5 i gd (ma) t j =25 o c v cc =11v source v cc -2.0 -50 0 50 100 150 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 junction temperature ( o c) v gd_off (v) v cc =0v 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 v comp =max v comp =5.0 v comp =4.5 v comp =4.0 v comp =3.5 v comp =3.2 v comp =3.0 v comp =2.8 v mult (v) v cs (v) v comp =2.6
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 9 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product application i nformation f ig ure 2 boost pre - regulator pfc power factor correction al6562 functions as a transition mode pfc ic, which means that the mosfet turns on when inductor current reaches zero, and tu rns off when the current meets some desired input current reference voltage as shown in f igure 3. a typical current waveform is depicted with envelope as shown, therefore the input current follows that of the input voltage, and a good power factor is achieved. figure 3 typical waveform of inductor current with fixed on t ime from mathematical point of view, a pf value can be defined by : ( ) ( ) ( ) where ( ) represents displacement factor with ? as the displacement angle between voltage and current fundamentals, and represents distortion respectively.
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 10 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product application information (continued) , the distortion can further be defined by : w here and are the rms (root mean s quare) value n - th fundamental component of the current respectively. if the current and voltage are in phase, then = 0, which will lead to ( ) and the pf will be simplified as : zcd (zero current detection) the zcd feature detects when the transformer primarys current falls to zero, as the voltage across the inductor reverses, to initiate a new cycle that switches on the power mosfet. the signal for zcd is obtained by an auxiliary winding on the b oost inductor , as shown in figure 2. m ultiplier the internal multiplier takes two inputs, one from a portion of the instantaneous rectified line voltage (via pin 3, mult) an d the other from the output of the e/a (via pin 2, comp), to feed the pwm comparator to determine the exact instant when the mosfet is to be switched off. the output of multiplier is a rectified sinusoid, similar to the instantaneous rectified line voltage, multiplied by the scaling factor determined by output of the error ampli fier. the mult output is then fed into the pwm comparator and is compared to the current sense clamp voltage v cs ( at 1.08v ) , to switch the power mosfet off. the formula governing all parameters is given by : multiplier output: ( ) w here k is the multiplier gain. v mult is set by external resistors r1 and r2. ovp (o utput over voltage protection) the output voltage can be kept constant by the operation of the pfc circuit close to its nominal value , as sh own by f igure 2, which is set by the ratio of the two external resistors r3 and r 4. neglecting ripple current, current flowing through r3, i r3 , will equal the current through r4, i r4 . as the non - inverting input of the error amplifier is biased inside the al6562 at 2.5v , the curren t through r4 is: (1) if any abrupt change of output voltage, v o > 0 occurs due to a load drop, the voltage at pin inv will be kept at 2.5v by the local feedback of the ea. t he network connected between inv and comp introduces a time constant to achieve high pf. the current through r4 will remain equal to 2.5/r4 but i r3 will become: (2) the extra current through r3 (i r3 ) will flow through the compensation network and enter the error amplifier output via pin comp. when it reaches about 37a, the output voltage of the multiplier is forced to decrease which will reduce the energy drawn fro m the mains. this action behaves like a brake; preventing the output voltage from exceeding the regulated value too much .
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 11 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product application information (continued) if the output voltage further increases despite the braking so that the current entering the e/a rea ches 27a, the ovp is triggered and the gate - drive is forced low to switch off the mosfet. this protection condition is maintained until the current fall s below about 7a to re - enable the internal starter and start switching again. the output change that is able to trigger the ovp is calcu lated by : ( ) (3) an important advantage of this technique is that the over - voltage level can be set independently from the regulated output voltage. on the other hand, when the loading of pfc pre - regulator becomes very low, the output voltage tends to stay steadily above the nominal value, which is not the case that ovp is trigger ed by abrupt voltage increase. if this situation happens, the e/a will saturate low , hence when this is detected the external power transistor is switch ed off, and the ic is put in idle state (static ovp). normal operation is resumed as the error amplifier goes back into its linear region. as a result, the device will work in burst - mode, with a repeti ti on rate that can be very low. when either ovp is activated, the quiescent consumption of the ic is reduced to minimum by the discharge of the capacitor and increase s the hold - up capability of the ic supply. thd ( t otal h armonics d istortion) the al6562 reduces the thd by reducing conduction dead - angle occurring to the ac input current near the zero - crossings of the line voltage. the important reason for this distortion to take place is the inability of the system to transfer energy effective ly when the instantaneous line voltage is very low, which is the case near line - voltage zero - crossing. this effect is magnified by the high - frequency filter capacitor placed after the bridge rectifier, which retains some residual voltage that causes the diodes of the bridge rectifier to be reverse - biased and the input current flow to temporarily stop. to overcome this issue, the circuit section designed in the al6562 forces the pfc regulator to process more energy near the line voltage zero - crossings, as compared to that commanded by the control loop. this results in both, minimizing the time interval when energy transfer is lacking, and fully discharging the high - frequency filter capacitor after the bridge. in essence, the circuit artificially increases the on - time of the power switch with a positive offset added to the output of the multiplier in the proximity of the line voltage zero - crossings. this offset is reduced as the instantaneous line voltage increases, so that it becomes negligible as the line voltage moves towards the peak of the sinusoidal waveform. therefore, to maximize the benefit from the thd improvement circuit, the high - frequency filter capacitor after the bridge rectifier should be minimized and kept to satisfy the emi filtering re quirements. non - latched ic disable (enable) pin 1, inv, inverting input to the error a mplifier, can be adapted to disable the system when the voltage on this pin is below 0.2v. in order to restart the system, a voltage exceed 0.45v must be applied. the on/off control signal can be driven by a pwm controller and using an npn transistor to pin 1 to shut it down .
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 12 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product application information (continued) single stage led driver with pfc one of major appli c ation s of al6562 is to provide a single stage power module with high pf for led lighting. the following circuit, figure 4, shows a simplified fly - back ac - dc converter with both cc and cv feedback from output side, to prevent over - load and also provide an over - voltage protection facility. figure 4. single stage pfc isolated led lighting with its high performance, the al6562 offers the following advantages that make this solution an appropriate method against t he traditional pwm controller, where a good pf value is required: ? the input capacitance can be reduced to replace bulky and expensive high voltage electrolytic capacitor (as required by regular offline smps) by a small - size, cheaper film capacitor . ? transition mode ensures low turn - on losses in mosfet and higher efficiency can be achieved. ? lower parts count means lower material cost , as well as lower assembly cost for limited space.
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 13 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product application information (continued) pfc pre - regulator another major appli c ation of al6562 is to implement a wide - range mains input pfc pre - regulator, which acts as the input stage f or the cascaded dc - dc converter and can deliver above 350w in general. there are two methods, in general, to design a pre - regulator stage: 1. with fixed frequency. or 2. with fixed on time. the al6562 can easily be implemented with fixed on time due to its simplicity, while the fixed frequency technique is more co mplicated. in fixed on time m ode, al6562 is also working in t ransition mode where the inductor current will be turned on when zero crossing is detected. by using boost switching technique , the al6562 shapes the input current by drawing a quasi - sinusoidal current in - phase with the line voltage. a simplified circuit, shown in figure 5, explains the operation as follows: figure 5 zcd pin s ynchronization without auxiliary w inding the ac mains voltage is rectified by a diode bridge and delivered to the boost converter which boosts the rectified input voltage to a hig her regulated dc bus v o. the error amplifier compares a portion of the output voltage with an internal reference and generates a signal error proporti onal to the difference between them. the bandwidth of the internal error amplifier is set to be narrow within 20hz, the output wou ld be a dc value over a given half - cycle. output of e/a fed into multiplier, multiplied by portion of the rectified mains voltage, will generate a scaled rectif ied sinusoid whose peak amplitude depends on the rectified mains peak voltage as well as the val ue of error signal. the output of the multiplier is fed into the non - inverting pin of the internal pwm comparator. as the output from the multiplier, a sinusoidal reference for pwm, equals the voltage on the current sense pin cs(4), the mosfet will be tu rned off. as a consequence, the peak inductor current will follow the envelope of a rectified sinus oid. after the mosfet is turned off, the boost inductor discharges its stored energy to the load until zero current is detected and then the mosfet will be t urned on again. in the case where there is no auxiliary winding on the boost inductor, a solution can be implemented by simply connecting the zcd pin to the drain of the power mosfet through an r - c network: in this way the high - frequency edges experience d by the drain will be transferred to the zcd pin, hence arming and triggering the zcd comparator. also in this case the resistance value must be properly chosen to limit the current sourced/sunk by the zcd pin. in typical a pplications with output voltag es around 400v, recommended values for these components as 22pf (or 33pf) for c zcd and 330k for r zcd . with these values proper operation is ensured even with few volts difference between the regulated output voltage and the peak input voltage.
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 14 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product ordering information part number package package code 13 tape and reel quantity part number suffix al6562 s - 13 so - 8 s 2500/tape & reel - 13 mark ing informatio n (1) so - 8 a l 6 5 6 2 x x C s : s o 8 p a c k a g e p a c k i n g 1 3 : 1 3 " t a p e & r e e l
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 15 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product package outline dimensions (all dimensions in mm) please see ap02002 at http://w ww.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02002 .pdf for the latest version. suggested pad layout please see ap02001 at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf for the latest version. so - 8 dim min max a - 1.75 a1 0.10 0.20 a2 1.30 1.50 a3 0.15 0.25 b 0.3 0.5 d 4.85 4.95 e 5.90 6.10 e1 3.85 3.95 e 1.27 typ h - 0.35 l 0.62 0.82 ? ? ? ? dimensions value (in mm) x 0.60 y 1.55 c1 5.4 c2 1.27 gauge plane seating plane detail a detail a e e1 h l d e b a2 a1 a 45 7 ~ 9 a3 0 . 2 5 4 x c1 c2 y
al6562 document n umber: ds 37542 rev. 1 - 2 16 of 16 www.diodes.com october 2014 ? diodes incorporated al 6562 new product important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents und er the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license unde r its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any cus tomer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diodes incorporated website, harmless aga inst all damages. diodes incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthor ized sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes incorporated products for any unintended or unauth orized application, customers shall indemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arisin g out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated wi th such unintended or unauthorized application. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product nam es and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, int ernational or foreign trademarks. this document is written in english but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. only the english version of this document is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life supp ort diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or system s without the express written approval of the chief executive officer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided i n the labeling can b e reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expe cted to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support d evices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all le gal, regulatory and safety - related requirements concerning their products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices - or systems - related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. further, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems. c opyright ? 201 4 , diodes incorporated www.diodes.com

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